¿La sostenibilidad genera valor? Un análisis de los bancos europeos cotizados en el Dow Jones Sustainability Index en el periodo 2003-2013
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51302/rcyt.2016.4577Palabras clave:
RSC, bancos, Dow Jones Sustainability, desempeño económico, ROAResumen
Este artículo examina si la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC en lo sucesivo) conduce hacia una mejora del rendimiento en el sector bancario europeo, pretendiendo además determinar si esta relación es estable durante los distintos ciclos económicos. Este documento proporciona evidencia sobre la relación entre la RSC y el rendimiento en el sector bancario, incluyendo datos desde el 2003 hasta el 2013. La sostenibilidad corporativa o RSC se mide por la pertenencia al Dow Jones Sustainability Index Europe (DJSI). El artículo se centra, además, en el efecto de la RSC sobre la rentabilidad económica en comparación con otros estudios que estiman el impacto de la RSC en el precio de las acciones.
Aunque existe una gran cantidad de literatura que vincula la RSC y el ROAA, este no es el caso para el sector bancario. La mayoría de los estudios se han realizado sobre múltiples industrias, pero muy pocos se han dedicado específicamente al sector bancario. Esta industria está inmersa en una campaña destinada a mejorar su imagen y la percepción de sus clientes, en especial después de la crisis financiera y los escándalos relacionados con la gestión de ciertas entidades. Es necesaria una mejora de la reputación de la industria, y la RSC puede constituir una vía interesante para recuperar la confianza del público en el corto plazo. En el medio plazo, la RSC es una estrategia esencial para la supervivencia de cualquier negocio, una fuente de ventaja competitiva, además de un detonante de mejoras en los resultados económicos, tal y como indican nuestras conclusiones.
Las conclusiones de nuestro análisis sugieren que las políticas de RSC tienen un impacto positivo en los retornos de los bancos. En otras palabras, la adopción de políticas que se centran en responsabilidad social mejoran directamente el desempeño de los bancos europeos. También tomamos en consideración los efectos de la crisis financiera en dicha relación. Nuestros resultados presentan implicaciones interesantes a tener en cuenta tanto por los equipos gestores de estas compañías como por el resto de partes interesadas, o stakeholders.
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