Análisis competitivo de las funciones económicas de las pequeñas y medianas empresas: un enfoque estratégico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51302/rcyt.1998.17069Palabras clave:
PME, competitividad, estrategia, marco lógico para el análisis críticoResumen
1.er Premio Estudios Financieros 1998.
Modalidad: Contabilidad y Administración de Empresas.
En este trabajo se ofrece una explicación de la importancia atribuida a la política de creación y expansión de pequeñas y medianas empresas -PMEs- en el ámbito de los países de la Unión Europea. Determinados cambios en el marco institucional, así como en las líneas de investigación teóricas, han provocado que la importancia del territorio, el desarrollo endógeno y la racionalidad interactiva en los procesos de localización y competitividad empresarial, hayan proporcionado una creciente importancia a las PMEs como instrumento de desarrollo económico regional. A continuación, se propone un marco lógico para el análisis crítico de la importancia atribuida a la política de apoyo a las PMEs que consta de cuatro requisitos o premisas:
a) teleológicas: ¿cuál es el objetivo perseguido?;
b) competitivas: ¿sobreviven y se desarrollan en términos competitivos las PMEs apoyadas?;
c) fácticas: ¿se verifica la existencia de tendencias en el entorno que refuerzan la competitividad de estas unidades empresariales?;
d) territoriales: ¿los beneficios obtenidos a partir de la política de apoyo a favor de las PMEs se distribuyen entre los miembros de la comunidad local que soportó la ayuda?
Una vez que este marco lógico es aplicado a los principales argumentos apuntados en la literatura, como el de creación de empleo, corrección de desequilibrios territoriales y posicionamiento en determinados sectores estratégicos, la política de apoyo a las PMEs no puede justificarse en todos los casos.
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