El impacto del conflicto trabajo-familia en la salud mental y física de los trabajadores
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51302/rtss.2007.5739Palabras clave:
conflicto trabajo-familia, conflicto bidireccional trabajo-familia, salud mental, salud física, burnout, variables de control, variable moderadoraResumen
La incorporación masiva de la mujer al mundo laboral que ha tenido lugar a lo largo de las últimas décadas en la mayoría de sociedades europeas ha conllevado profundos cambios, no solo en el mercado laboral sino en las estructuras sociales tradicionales. Una de las consecuencias más relevantes de este hecho es un notable aumento del conflicto surgido de la interrelación entre las principales dimensiones en la vida de cualquier individuo: trabajo y familia. Así, habiendo quedado ya desechada la idea de que trabajo y familia son ámbitos independientes entre sí, el conflicto trabajo-familia se ha convertido en un tema de actualidad, que, suponiendo graves consecuencias, preocupa tanto a trabajadores como a empresas y gobiernos.
En este trabajo se estudia el impacto que la existencia de dicho conflicto puede suponer en la salud mental y física de los trabajadores. Para ello se tiene en cuenta el carácter bidireccional del conflicto, es decir, se considera la existencia de dos tipos de conflicto diferenciados: el conflicto trabajo-familia (cuando son las exigencias y responsabilidades surgidas en el ámbito laboral las que dificultan el cumplimiento de la función propia del ámbito familiar) y el conflicto familia-trabajo (cuando son las demandas familiares las que limitan el cumplimiento de las exigencias del puesto de trabajo). Se tienen en cuenta, además, una serie de variables de control (como pueden ser la antigüedad en la organización, la existencia de medidas de conciliación, etc.) que, afectando al grado de conflicto entre ámbito profesional y familiar, pueden llegar a influir en la relación entre dicho conflicto y la salud mental y física.
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