La dirección de recursos humanos en el sector financiero de la economía social desde los enfoques universalista, contingente y configuracional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51302/rtss.2006.5827Resumen
Este trabajo ha obtenido el Accésit Especial Estudios Financieros 2006 en la Modalidad de Recursos Humanos.
A partir de la década de los 90 surgen numerosos trabajos que analizan empíricamente cómo la manera en que las empresas gestionan sus recursos humanos condiciona sus resultados. Concretamente, este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal determinar el impacto de la estrategia de recursos humanos sobre los resultados empresariales. Este análisis será realizado bajo las perspectivas propuestas desde la literatura: universalista, contingente y configuracional (Delery y Doty, 1996; Guest, 1997; McMahan, Virick y Wright, 1999), para comprobar su validez en el contexto español y para el grupo de empresas considerado: Cooperativas de Crédito y Cajas de Ahorros.
Descargas
Citas
Aiken, L.S. y West, S.G. [1991]: Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions. Thousand Oaks CA, Sage Publications.
Appelbaum, E., Bailey, T., Berg, P. y Kalleberg, A.L. [2000]: Manufacturing Advantage: Why High Performance Work Systems Pay Off. Londres, Cornell University Press.
Appleyard, M.M. y Brown, C. [2001]: «Employment Practices and Semiconductor Manufacturing Performance». Industrial Relations, 40 (3), págs. 436-471.
Arcand, M., Bayad, M. y Fabi, B. [2002]: «L´Effet des Pratiques de Gestion des Ressources humaines sur L´Efficacité Organisationnelle de Coopératives Financières Canadiennes». Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 72(2), págs. 215-240.
Arthur, J.B. [1994]: «Effects of Human Resource Systems on Manufacturing Performance and Turnover». Academy of Management Journal, 37 (3), pp. 670-687.
Bae, J. y Lawler, J.N. [2000]: «Organizational and HRM Strategies in Korea: Impact on Firm Performance in an Emerging Economy». Academy of Management Journal, 43 (3), págs. 502-517.
Bae, J., Chen, S., Wan, T.W., Lawler, J.J. y Walubwa, F.O. [2003]: «Human Resource Strategy and Firm Performance in pacific Rim Countries». The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14 (8), págs. 1.308-1.332.
Bamberger, P. y meshoulam, I. [2000]: Human Resource Strategy. Thousand Oaks CA, Sage Publications.
Banker, R.D., Field, J.M., y Sinha (1996): «Impact of Work Teams on Manufacturing Performance: a Longitudinal Field Study». Academy of Management Journal, 39 (4), págs. 867-890.
Banker, R.D., Lee, S.W., Potter, G. y Srinivasan, D. (1996): «Contextual Analysis of Performance Impacts of Outcome-Based Incentive Compensation». Academy of Management Journal, 39 (4), págs. 920-948.
Barney, J.B [1991]: «Firm Resources and Strategic Competitive Advantage». Journal of Management, 17 (1), págs. 99-120.
Barney, J. y Wrigth, P.M. [1998]: «On Becoming a Strategic Partner: The Roles of Human Resources in Gaining Competitive Advantage». Human Resource Management, 37 (1), págs. 31-41.
Baron, J.N. y Kreps, D.M. [1999]: Strategic Human Resource: Frameworks for General Manager. Nueva York, John Wiley & Sons.
Barret, A. y O´Connell, J. [2001]: «Does Training Generally Work?: The Returns To In-Company Training». Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 54 (3), págs. 647-662.
Barron, J., Berger, M. y Black, D. [1999]: «Do Workers Pay for On-the-Job Training?». Journal of Human Resources, 34 (2), págs. 235-252.
Bartel, a.p. [2004]: «Human Resource Management and Organizational Performance: Evidence from Retail Banking». Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 57 (2), págs. 181-203.
Batt, R. [2002]: «Managing Customer Services: Human Resource Practices, Quit Rates, and Sales Growth». Academy of Management Journal, 45 (3), págs. 587-597.
Batt, R., Colvin, A.J.S. y Keefe, J. [2002]: «Employee Voice, Human Resource Practices, and Quit Rates: Evidence from the Telecommunications Industry». Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 55 (4), págs. 573-594.
Bayo, A. y Merino, J. [2002]: «Human Resource Management, Strategy and Operational Performance in the Spanish Manufacturing Industry». Management, 5 (3), págs. 175-199.
Becker, B.E. y Huselid, M.A. [1998]: «High Performance Work Systems and Firm Performance: A Synthesis of Research and Managerial Implications». En Ferris, G. R. (Eds.), Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management, 16, págs. 53-101. Greenwich, JAI Press.
Bird, A. y Beechler, S. [1995]: «Links between Business Strategy and Human Resource Management Strategy in U.S.-Based Japanese Subsidiaries: An Empirical Investigation». Journal of International Business Studies, 26 (1), págs. 23-45.
Björkman, I. y Xiucheng, X.C. [2002]: «Human Resource Management and the Performance of Western Firms in China». International Journal of Human Resource Management, 13 (6), págs. 853-864.
Black, S. y Lynch, L. [2000]: «What’s Driving the New Economy: The Benefits of Workplace Innovation». Working Paper de la National Bureau of Economic Research. Massachusetts.
Bloom, M. y Michel, J.G. [2002]: «The Relationships among Organizational Context, Pay Dispersion, and Managerial Turnover». Academy of Management Journal, 45 (1), págs. 33-42.
Bloom, M. y Milkovich, G.T. [1998]: «Relationships among Risk, Incentive Pay and Organizational Performance». Academy Of Management Journal, 41 (3), págs. 283-297.
Boselie, P., Paauwe, J. y Richardson, R. [2003]: «Human Resource Management, Institutionalization and Organizational and Performance: A Comparison of Hospital, Hotel and Local Government». International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14 (8), págs. 1.407-1.429.
Boxall, P. [1992]: «Strategic Human Resource Management: Beginnings of a New Theoretical Sophistication?». Human Resource Management Journal, 2 (3), págs. 60-79.
Boxall, P. y Steeneveld, M. [1999]: «Human Resource Strategy and Competitive Advantage: A longitudinal Study of Engineering Consultancies». Journal of Management Studies, 36 (4), págs. 443-63.
Brockbank, W. [1999]: «If HR Were Really Strategically Proactive: Present and Future Directions in HR’s Contribution to Competitive Advantage». Human Resource Management, 38 (4), págs. 337-352.
Brown, M.P, Sturman, M.C. y Simmering, M.J. [2003]: «Compensation Police and Organizational Performance: The Efficiency, Operational and Financial Implications of Pay Levels and Pay Structure». Academy of Management Journal, 46 (6), págs. 752-762.
Caldwell, R. [2004]: «Rhetoric, Facts and Self-Fulfilling Prophecies: Exploring Practitioners’ Perceptions of Progress in Implementing HRM». Industrial Relations Journal, 35 (3), págs. 196-215.
Cano, C.J. y Céspedes, J.J. [2003]: «estrategia de Negocio y Prácticas de Recursos Humanos en las Cooperativas». Revista de Economía Pública, Social y Cooperativa, 43, págs. 63-84.
Capelli, P. y Neumark, D. [2001]: «Do ‘High-Performance’ Work Practices Improve Establishment-Level Outcomes?». Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 54 (4), págs. 737-775.
Chadwick, C. y Cappelli, P. [1999]: «Alternatives to Generic Strategy Typologies in Strategic Human Resource Management». En Wright, P.M, Dyer, L.D, Boudreau, J.W. y Milkovich, G.T. (Eds.), Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management, Supplement 4, págs.. 1-29. Greenwich, JAI Press.
Chan, L.M., Shaffer, M.A. y Snape, E. [2004]: «In Search of Sustained Competitive Advantage: The Impact of organizational Culture, Competitive Strategy and Human Resource Management Practices on Firm Performance». The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15 (1), págs. 17-35.
Claver, e., Gascó, j.l. y Llopis, J. [2000]: Los Recursos Humanos en la Empresa: Un Enfoque Directivo. Madrid, Editorial Civitas.
Cohen J. y Cohen P. [1983]: Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioural Sciences. Nueva Jersey, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Collins, C.J. [2000]: «Strategic Human Resource Management and Knowledge-Creation Capability: Examining the black Box between HR and Performance». Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de Mariland.
D´Arcimoles, C.H. [1997]: «Human Resource Policies and Company Performance: A Quantitative Approach Using Panel Data». Organization Studies, 18 (5), págs. 857-874.
Datta, D.K., Guthrie, J.P. y Wright, P.M. [2005]: «Human Resource Management and Labor Productivity: Does Industry Matter?». Academy of Management Journal, 48 (1), págs. 135-145.
Delaney, J.T. y Huselid, M.A. [1996]: «The Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Perceptions of Organizational Performance». Academy of Management Journal, 39 (4), págs. 949-969.
Delery, J.E. y Doty, D.H. [1996]: «Modes of Theorizing in Strategic Human Resource Management: Tests of Universalistic, Contingency, and Configurational Performance Predictions». Academy of Management Journal, 39 (4), págs. 802-835.
Delery, J.E. y Shaw, J.D. [2001]: «The Strategic Management of People in Work Organizations: Review, Synthesis, and Extension». Trabajo presentado en el Academy of Management Meeting. Washington.
Dyer, L. y Reeves, T. [1995]: «Human Resource Strategies and Firm Performance: What Do We Know and Where Do We Need To Go?». International Journal of Human Resource Management, 6 (3), págs. 656-670.
Ferris, G.R., Hochwarter, W.A., Buckley, M.R., Harrell-Cook, G. y Frink, D.D. [1999]: «Human Resources Management: Some New Directions». Journal of Management, 25 (3), págs. 385-415.
Fey, C.F., Björkman, I. y Pavlovskaya, a. [2000]: «The Effect of Human Resource Management Practices on Firm Performance in Russia». International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11 (1), págs. 1-18.
Gelade, G.A. e Ivery, M. [2003]: «The Impact of Human Resource Management and Work Climate on Organizational Performance». Personnel Psychology, 56 (2), págs. 383-404.
Gerstein, M. y Reisman, H. [1983]: «Strategic Selection: Matching Executives to Business Conditions». Sloan Management Review, 24 (2), págs. 33-49.
Golden, K.W. y Ramanujam, V. [1985]: «Between a Dream and a Nightmare: On the Integration of the Human Resource Management and Strategic Planning Processes». Human Resource Management, 24 (4) págs. 429-452.
Guest, D. [1997]: «Human Resource Management and Performance: A Review and Research Agenda». International Human Resource Management, 8 (3), págs. 263-276.
Guest, D., Michie, J., Conway, N. y Sheehan, M. [2003]: «Human Resource Management and Corporate Performance in the UK». British Journal of Management, 41 (2), págs. 291-314.
Guthrie, J. [2001]: «High Involvement Work Practices, Turnover and Productivity: Evidence from New Zealand». Academy of Management Journal, 44 (1), págs. 180-192.
Guthrie, J.P., Spell, C.S. y Nyamori, R.O. [2002]: «Correlates and Consequences of High Involvement Work Practices: The Role of Competitive Strategy». International Journal of Human Resource Management, 13 (2), págs. 183-197.
Hair, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R. y Black, W. [1999]: Análisis Multivariante. Madrid, Prentice-Hall.
Harel, G.H. y Tzafrir, S. [1999]: «The Effects of HRM Practices on the Perceptions of Organizational and Market Performance of the Firm». Human Resource Management, 38 (3), págs. 185-200.
Harmon, j., Scotti, d. y Behson, s. [2003]: «Effects of High-Involvement Work Systems on Employee Satisfation and Service Cost in Veteran Heathcare». Journal of Health, 48 (16), pás. 393-418.
Hartog, D.N. y Verburg, R.M. [2004]: «High Performance Work Systems, Organizational Culture and Firm Effectiveness». Human Resource Management Journal, 14 (1), págs. 55-78.
Hoque, K. [1999]: «Human Resource Management and Performance in the UK Hotel Industry». British Journal of Industrial Relations, 37 (3), págs. 419-443.
Huang, T.c. [2000]: «Are the Human Resource Practices of Effective Firms Distinctly Different from Those of Poorly Performing Ones?». International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11 (2), págs. 436-451.
Huselid, M.A. [1995]: «The Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Turnover, Productivity and Corporate Financial Performance». Academy of Management Journal, 38 (3), págs. 635-672.
Huselid, M.A. y Becker, B.E. [1996]: «Methodological Issues in Cross-Sectional and Panel Estimates of the Human Resource-Firm Performance Link». Industrial Relations, 35 (3), págs. 400-422.
Huselid, M.A., Jackson, S.E. y Schuler, R.S. [1997]: «Technical and Strategic Human Resource Management Effectiveness as Determinants of Firm Performance». Academy of Management Journal, 40 (1), págs. 171-189.
Ichniowski, C. y Shaw, K. [1999]: «The Effects of Human Resource Management Systems on Economic Performance: An International Comparison of U.S. and Japanese Plants». Management Science, 45 (5), págs. 704-721.
Ichniowski, C., Shaw, k. y Prennushi, G. [1997]: «The Effects of Human Resources Management Practices on Productivity: A Study of Steel Finishing Lines». The American Economic Review, 87 (3), págs. 291-314.
Jaccard, J., Turrisi, R. y Wan, c.k. [1990]: «Interaction Effects in Multiple Regressions». University Paper Series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences, 72. Newbury Park, Sage Publications.
Jayaram, J., Droge, C. y Vickery, S.K. [1999]: «The Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Manufacturing Performance». Journal of Operations Management, 18 (1), págs. 1-20.
Kalleberg, A.L. [2003]: «Flexible Firms and Labour Market Segmentation». Work and Occupations, 30 (2), págs. 154-175.
Kalleberg, A.L., Knoke, D., Marsden, P. y Spaeth, J. [1996]: Organizations in America: Analyzing their Structures and Human Resource Practices. Londres, Sage Publications.
Katz, H.C., Kochan, T.A. y Weber, M.R. [1985]: «Assessing the Effects of Industrial Relations Systems and Efforts to Improve the Quality of Working Life on Organizational Effectiveness». Academy of Management Journal, 28 (3), págs. 509-526.
Khatri, N. [2000]: «Managing Human Resource for Competitive Advantage: A Study of Companies in Singapore». International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11 (2), págs. 336-365.
Koch, M.J., McGrath, R.G. [1996]: «Improving Labor Productivity: Human Resource Management Policies do Matter». Strategic Management Journal, 17 (5), págs. 335-354.
Krueger, A. y Rouse, C. [1998]: «The Effect of Workplace Education on Earnings, Turnover, and Job Performance». Journal of Labor Economics 16 (1), págs. 61-94.
Lee, J., y Miller, D. (1999): «People Matter: Commitment to Employees, Strategy and Performance in Korean Firms». Strategic Management Journal, 20 (6), págs. 579-593.
Lengnick-Hall, C.A. y Lengnick-Hall M.L. [1988]: «Strategic Human Resource Management: A Review of the Literature and a Proposed Typology». Academy of Management Review, 13 (3), págs. 454-470.
Liouville, J. y Bayad, M. [1998]: «Human Resource Management and Performances: Proposition and Test of a Causal Model». Human Systems Management, 17 (3), págs. 183-192.
Lundy, O. y Cowling, A. [1996]: Strategic Human Resource Strategy. Londres, Routledge.
McDuffi, J.P. [1995]: «Human Resource Bundles and Manufacturing Performance: Organizational Logic and Flexible Production Systems in the World Auto Industry». Industrial and Labour Relations Review, 48 (2), págs. 197-221.
McMahan, G.C., Virick, M. y Wright, P.M. [1999]: «Alternative Theoretical Perspectives for Strategic Human Resource Management Revisited: Progress, Problems, and Prospects». En Wright, P.M, Dyer, L.D, Boudreau, J.W. y Milkovich, G.T. (Eds.), Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management, Supplement 4, págs. 99-122, Greenwich, JAI Press.
Michie, J. y Sheehan-Quinn, M. [2001]: «Labour Market Flexibility, Human Resource Management and Corporate Performance». British Journal of Management, 12 (4), págs. 287-306.
Miles, R.E. y Snow, C.C. [1984]: «Designing Strategic Human Resource Systems». Organizational Dynamics, 31 (1), págs. 36-52.
Molina, J.A. y Ortega, R. [2003]: «Effects of Employee Training on the Performance of North-American Firms». Applied Economics Letters, 10 (9), págs. 549-552.
Ordiz, M. [2000]: «Efectividad Universal y Contingente de las Prácticas de Recursos Humanos: Un estudio Aplicado a la Estrategia Competitiva». Ponencia presentada en el X Congreso de ACEDE. Oviedo.
Pardo, A. y Ruiz, M.A. [2002]: SPSS 11.0: Guía para el Análisis de Datos. Madrid, McGraw-Hill.
Park, H.J., Mitsuhashi, H., Fey, C.F. y Björkman, I. [2003]: «The Effect of Human Resource Management Practices on Japanese MNC Subsidiary Performance- A Partial Mediating Model». Working Paper de la Stockholm School of Economics. San Petersburgo.
Patterson, M., West, M.A., Lawthom, R. y Nickell, S. [1997]: «Impact of People Management Practices on Business Performance». Issues in People Management, 22. Londres, Institute of Personnel and Development.
Pfeffer, J. [1998]: «Seven Practices of Successful Organizations». California Management Review, 40 (2), págs. 96-123.
Quirós, I. [2003]: «Prácticas de Recursos Humanos y Eficiencia Organizativa: ¿Cómo se Combinan?». Trabajo presentado en el Congreso Internacional de la Iberoamerican Academy of Management. San Paulo.
Rajagopalan, N. [1996]: «Strategic Orientations, Incentive Plan Adoptions, and Firm Performance: Evidence from Electric Utility Firms». Strategic Management Journal, 18, págs. 761-785.
Ramsay, H., Scholarios, D. y Harley, B. [2000]: «Employees and High-Performance Work Systems: Testing inside the Black Box». British Journal of Industrial Relations, 38 (4), págs. 501-531.
Rodríguez, J.M. [2004]: «El Desarrollo Interno de los Recursos Humanos como Fuente de Ventaja Competitiva para la Empresa». Revista Europea de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 13(2), págs. 119-136.
Rogers, E. y Wright, P. [1998]: «Measuring Organizational Performance in Strategic Human Resource Management: Problems, Prospects and Performance Information Markets». Human Resource Management Review, 8 (3), págs. 311-331.
Saá, P. y García-Falcón, J.M. [2004]: «The Influence of Human Resource Management in Savings Bank Performance». The Service Industries Journal, 24 (2), págs. 51-66.
Sabater, V. [2002]: «La Nueva Política Retributiva de las Organizaciones Actuales y su Impacto en los Resultados de la Empresa». Tesis Doctoral, Alicante.
Sanz r. y Sabater, R. [2000]: «Efectos del Enfoque Estratégico de Recursos Humanos en los Resultados de la Empresa». Revista de Trabajo y Seguridad Social (Comentarios y Casos Prácticos), CEF, nº 211, págs. 167-204.
Sastre, M.A. y Aguilar, E.M. [2003]: Dirección de Recursos Humanos. Un Enfoque Estratégico. Madrid, McGraw-Hill.
Saura, M.D. y Gómez-Mejía, L.R. [1996]: «The Linkages between Business Strategies and Compensation Policies using Miles and Snow’s Framework». Working Paper de la Universidad Carlos III. Madrid.
Scholarios, D., Ramsay, H. y Harley, B. [1999]: «High Commitment Management Practices and Employee Outcomes: Evidence from Britain and Australia». Working Paper de la Universidad de Melbourne.
Schuler, R.S. [1992]: «Strategic Human Resource Management: Linking People with the Needs of the Business». Organizational Dynamics, 21 (1), págs. 18-32.
Schuler, R.S. y Jackson, S.E. [1987]: «Linking Competitive Strategies with Human Resource Management Practices». Academy of Management Executive, 1 (3), págs. 207-220.
Schuler, R.S. y Walker, J., [1990]: «Human Resource Strategy: Focusing on Issues and Actions». Organizational Dynamics, 19 (1), págs. 5-19.
Sels, L., Winne, S., Maes, J., Faems, D., Delmotte, J. y Forrier, A. [2003]: «How HRM Affects Corporate Financial Performance: Evidence from Belgian SMEs». Working Paper de la Katholiek Universiteit, Leuven.
Snell, S. y Dean, J. [1992]: «Integrated Manufacturing and Human Resource Management: A Human Capital Perspective». Academy of Management Journal, 35 (3), págs. 467-504.
Snell, S.A. Youndt, M.A. y Wright, P.M. [1996]: «Establishing a Framework for Research in Strategic Human Resource Management: Merging Resource Theory and Organizational Learning». En G. Ferris (Eds.), Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management, 14, págs. 61–90. Greenwich, JAI Press.
Storey, J. [1992]: Developments in the Management of Human Resources. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing.
Terpstra, D.E. y Rozell, E.J. [1993]: «The Relationship of Staffing Practices to Organizational Level Measures of Performance». Personnel Psychology, 46 (1), págs. 27-48.
Torrington, D. y Hall, L. [1998]: Human Resource Management. Hertfordshire, Prentice-Hall.
Tyson, S. [1997]: «Human Resource Strategy: A Process for Managing the Contribution of HRM to Organizational Performance». International Journal of Human Resource Management, 8 (3), págs. 277-290.
Ulrich, D. [1997]: «Measuring Human Resources: An Overview of Practice and a Prescription for Results». Human Resource Management, 36 (3), págs. 303-320.
Valle Cabrera, R.J. [2003]: Gestión Estratégica de Recursos Humanos. Madrid, Prentice-Hall.
Venkatraman, N. [1989]: «The Concept of Fit in Strategy Research: Toward Verbal and Statistical Correspondence». Academy of Management Review, 14 (3), págs. 423-444.
Wan, T.W., Ong, C.H. y Kok, C.F.V. [2000]: «Strategic HRM and Organizational Performance IN Singapore». Working Paper de la Universidad Nacional de Singapur.
West, a.e., Borrill, c., Dawson, j., Scully, j., Carter, m., Anelay, s., Patterson, m. y Waring, j. [2002]: «The Link between the Management of the Employees and Patient Mortality in Acute Hospitals». International Journal of Human Resource Management, 13 (8), págs. 1.299-1.310.
Whitener, E. [2001]: «Do "High Commitment" Human Resource Practices Affect Employee Commitment?: A Cross-Level Analysis Using Hierarchical Linear Manpower and skills Practices Survey». Human Relations, 51 (4), págs. 485-515.
Wood, S. [1999]: «Human Resource Management and Performance». International Journal of Management Reviews, 1 (4), págs. 67-413.
Wood, S., Menezes, L. y Lasaosa, A. [2001]: «High Involvement Management and Performance». Working Paper of Centre for Labour Market Studies. Universidad de Leicester.
Wright, P.M. y Gardner, T. [2000]: «Theoretical and Empirical Challenges in Studying: The HR Practice-Firm Performance Relationship». Working Paper de la Cornell University Press. Nueva York.
Wright, P.M. y Snell, S.A. [1998]: «Toward a Unifying Framework for Exploring Fit and Flexibility in Strategic Human Resource Management». Academy of Management Review, 23 (4), págs. 755-772.
Wright, P.M., Gardner, T.M. y Moynihan, L.M. [2003]: «The Impact of HR Practices on the Performance of Business Units». Human Resource Management Journal, 13 (3), págs. 21-36.
Wright, P.M., McCormick, B. Sherman, W.S. y McMahan, G.C., [1999]: «The Role of Human Resource Practices in Petro-Chemical Refinery Performance». International Journal of Human Resource Management, 10 (2), págs. 551-571
Wright, P.M., McMahan, G.C. y McWilliams, A. [1994]: «Human Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage: A Resource Based Perspective». International Journal of Human Resource Management, 5 (2), págs. 301-326.
Wright, P.M., Smart, D.L. y McMahan, G.C. [1995]: «Matches between Human Resources and Strategy among NCAA Basketball Teams». Academy of Management Journal, 38 (4), págs. 1.052- 1.074.
Youndt, M.A. y Snell, S.A. [2004]: «Human Resource Configurations, Intellectual Capital and Organizational Performance». Journal of Management Issues, 16 (3), págs. 337-360.
Youndt, M.A., Snell, S.A., Dean, J.W. y Lepak, D.P. [1996]: «Human Resource Management, Manufacturing Strategy and Firm Performance». Academy of Management Journal, 39 (4), págs. 836-866.
