The effect of a work life balance culture on organizational results in SMEs and on employees
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51302/rtss.2011.5083Keywords:
reconciling personal, professional, culture of conciliation, SMEs, results, satisfaction, retention in the companyAbstract
This study examines the effect of having a work life balance culture on the organizational results of SMEs and its effects on employees' satisfaction and turnover intentions. The research has been conducted with a sample of 229 companies and 511 employees. Findings show that the existence of a work life balance culture positively influences SMEs results and the employees' satisfaction and intention to remain in the firm. Implications for business practitioners and researchers are discussed.
Downloads
References
Alegre, I.: Chinchilla, N.; León, C. y Canela, M.A. [2007]: «Políticas de conciliación, liderazgo y cultura en 2200 pymes españolas», IESE Business School, 50.
Allen, T.D. [2001]: «Family-supportive work environments: the role of organizational perceptions», Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 58, págs. 414-435.
Anderson, S.E.; Coffey, B.S. y Byerly, R.T. [2002]: «Formal organizational initiatives and informal workplace practices», Journal of Management, 28 (6), págs. 787-810.
Aragón-Sánchez, A. y Sánchez-Marín, G. [2005]: «Strategic orientation, management characteristics, and performance: a study of Spanish SME», Journal of Small Business Management, 43 (3), págs. 287-308.
Arroyo, C. [2007]: «Perspectivas laborales en torno a la conciliación de la vida familiar y laboral: el reto de la compatibilidad y la corresponsabilidad», Anuario Jurídico y Económico Escurialense, XL, págs. 243-270.
Beechler, S. y Woodward, I.C. [2009]: «The global "war for talent"», Journal of International Management, 15, págs. 273-285.
Behson, S.J. [2005]: «The relative contribution of formal and informal organizational work-family support», Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 66, págs. 57-70.
Benito, D. [2007]: La organización basadas en las familias. La conciliación de la vida familiar y laboral, paper presented at the XX Congreso anual de AEDEM, 6-8 June, Madrid. Available at http://www.aedem-virtual.com/congresos/madrid07/
Blau, P. [1964]: Exchange and Power in Social Life, New York: Wiley.
Burke, R.J. [2004]: «It’s not how hard you work but how you work hard: Evaluating workaholism components», International Journal of Stress Management, 6, 4, págs. 225-239.
Burke, R.J.; Burgess, Z. y Fallon, F. [2006]: «Organizational practices supporting women and their satisfaction and well-being», Women in Management Review, 21, 5, págs. 416-425.
Burke, R.J.; Oberklaid, F. y Burgess, Z. [2004]: «Workaholism among Australian women psychologists: Antecedents and consequences», Women in Management Review, 5, págs. 252-259.
Camuffo, A., y Comacchio, A. [2005]: «Linking intellectual capital and competitive advantage: a cross-firm competence model for North-East Italian SMEs in the manufacturing industry», Human Resource Development International, 8, 3, págs. 361-377.
Cánovas Montero, A.; Aragón Medina, J. y Rocha Sánchez, F. [2005]: «Las políticas de conciliación de la vida familiar y laboral en las comunidades autónomas», Cuadernos de Relaciones Laborales, 23, 1, págs. 73-93.
Carm [2009]: Registro de Establecimientos Industriales, sector del metal. Conserjería de Universidades, Empresa e Investigación, http://www.carm.es/ (latest access date 11/25/2009).
Carrasquer, P. y Martín, A., [2005]: «La política de conciliación de la vida laboral y familiar en la negociación colectiva. Un aspecto de la estrategia europea de empleo», Cuadernos de Relaciones Laborales, 23 (1), págs. 131-150.
Casper, W.J.; Weltman, D. y Kwesiga, E. [2007]: «Beyond family-friendly: the construct and measurement of singles-fiendly work culture», Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 70, págs. 478-501.
Crede, M.; Chernyshenko, O.S.; Stark, S.; Dalal, R.S. y Bshshur, M. [2007]: «Job satisfaction as mediator: an assessment of job satisfaction's position within the nomological network», Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 80, págs. 515-538.
De Cieri, H.; Holmes, B.; Abbott, J. y Trisha, P. [2005]: «Achievements and challenges for work/life balance strategies in Australian organizations», The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16 (1), págs. 90-103.
De Kok, J.M.P.; Uhlaner, L.M. y Thurik, A.R. [2006]: «Professional HRM practices in Family Owned-Managed Enterprises», Journal of Small Business Management, 44 (3), págs. 441-460.
Delanie, J.T. y Huselid, M.A. [1996]: «The impact of human resource management practices on perceptions of organizational performance», Academy of Management Journal, 39, 4, págs. 949-969.
De Luis-Carnicer, M.ª P.; Martínez-Sánchez, A.; Pérez-Pérez, M. y Vela-Jiménez, M.ª J. [2002]: «La flexibilidad de la empresa y la conciliación de la vida laboral y familiar», Boletín Económico del ICE, 2.741, págs. 37-50.
Dex, S. y Scheibl, F. [2001]: «Flexible and family-friendly working arrangements in UK- based SMEs: business cases», British Journal of Industrial Relations, 39, 3, págs. 411-431.
Dickers, J.S.E.; Geurts, S.A.; Den Dulk, L.; Peper, B.; Taris, T. y Kompier, M.A. [2007]: «Dimensions of work-home culture and their relations with the use of work-home arrangements and work-home interaction», Work and Stress, 21 (2), págs. 155-172.
Doherty, L. [2004]: «Work-life balance initiatives: implications for women», Employee Relations, 26 (2), págs. 433-452.
Eby, L.T.; Casper, W.J.; Lockwood, A.; Bordeaux, C. y Brinley, A. [2005]: «Work and family research in IO/OB: Content analysis and review of the literature», Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 66, págs. 124-197.
Feldstead, A.; Jewson, N.; Phizacklea, A. y Walter, S, [2002]: «Opportunities to work at home in the context of work-life balance», Human Resource Management Journal, 12, págs. 54-76.
Fleetwood, S. [2007]: «Re-thinking work life balance: editor's introduction», The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18 (3), págs. 351-359.
Gouldner, A.W. [1960]: «The norm of reciprocity: a preliminary statement», American Sociological Review, 25, págs. 161-178.
Gray, A.; Phillips, V.L. y Norman, C. [1996]: «The costs of nursing turnover: evidence from the British National Health Service», Health Policy, 38, págs. 117-128.
Grube, A.; Schroer, J.; Hentzschel, C. y Hertel, G. [2008]: «The event reconstruction method: an efficient measure of experience-based job satisfaction», Journal of Ocuppational and Organizational Psychology, 81, págs. 669-689.
Harrington, B. y Ladge, J. [2009]: «Present Dynamics and Future Directions for Organizations», Organizational Dynamics, 38 (2), págs. 148-157.
Hausknecht, J.P.; Hiller, N.J. y Vance, R.J. [2008]: «Work-unit absenteeism: effects of satisfaction, commitment, labour market conditions, and time», Academy of Management Journal, 51, 6, págs. 1.223-1.245.
Heneman, R.L.; Tansky, J.W. y Camp, S.M. [2000]: «Human resource management practices in small and medium-sized enterprises: Unanswered questions and future research», Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 25, págs. 1-11.
Hughes, J. y Bozionelos, N. [2007]: «Work life balance as source of job dissatisfaction and withdrawal attitudes. An exploratory study on the views of male workers», Personnel Review, 36 (1), págs. 145-154.
INE [2007a]: Encuesta Industrial de Empresas, http://www.ine.es/ (latest access date: 11/25/2009).
– [2007b]: Directorio Central de Empresas DIRCE, http://www.ine.es/ (latest access date: 11/25/2009).
Kofodimos, J. [1995]: Balancing act. How managers can integrate successful careers and fulfilling personal lives, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Kossek, E.E. y Nichol, V. [1992]: «The effects of employer-sponsored child care on employee attitudes and performance», Personnel Psychology, 45, págs. 485-509.
Kropf M.B. [1999]: «Flexibility initiatives: Current approaches and effective strategies», Women in Management Review, 14 (5), págs. 177-186.
Lambert, S.J. [2000]: «Added benefits: the link between work life benefits and organizational citizenship behaviour», The Academy of Management Journal, 2 (1), págs. 7-32.
Lavoie, A. [2004]: «Work-life balance and SMEs: Avoiding the "one-size-fits-all trap"», CFIB Research, págs. 1-13.
Macinnes, J. [2005]: «Diez mitos sobre la conciliación de la vida laboral y familiar», Cuadernos de Relaciones Laborales, 23 (1), págs. 35-71.
Malik, S.D. y Wilson, D.O [1995]: «Factors influencing engineers' perceptions of organizational support for innovation», Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,12, págs. 201-218.
March, J.G. y Sutton, R.I. [1997]: «Organizational Performance as a Dependent Variable», Organization Science, 8, págs. 698-706.
Ngo, H-Y.; Foley, S. y Loi, R. [2009]: «Family-friendly work practices, organizational climate, and firm performance: a study of multinational corporations in Hong Kong», Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 30, págs. 665-680.
Olsen D. [1993]: «Work satisfaction and stress in the first and third year of academic appointment», Journal of Higher Education, 64, págs. 453-71.
O'Neill, J.W.; Harrison, M.M.; Cleveland, J.; Almeida, D.; Stawski, R. y Crouter, A.C. [2009]: «Work-family climate, organizational commitment, and turnover: multilevel contagion effects of leaders», Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 74, págs. 19-28.
Poelmans, S.; Chinchilla, N. y Cardona, P. [1999]: «Un estudio exploratorio del estrés en los directivos españoles», Research paper, 399, IESE, Barcelona.
Poelmans, S.A.; Chinchilla, N. y Cardona, P. [2003]: «The adoption of family friendly HRM policies: competiting for scarse resources in the labour market», International Journal of Manpower, 24 (2), págs. 128-147.
Rhoadres, L. y Eisenberger, R. [2002]: «Perceived organizational support: a review of the literature», Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, págs. 698-714.
Rousseau, D.M. [1989]: «Psychological and implied contracts in organizations», Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 2, págs. 121-139.
Skulli, A.; Theodossiou, I. y Vasileiou, E. [2008]: «Jobs as Lancaster goods: facets of job satisfaction and overall job satisfaction», The Journal of Socio-Economics, 37, págs. 1.906-1.920.
Steel R.P. y Ovalie N.K. [1984]: «A review and meta-analysis on the relationship between behavioural intentions and employee turnover», Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, págs. 673-686.
Thibaut, J.W. y Kelley, H.H. [1959]: The social psychology of groups, New York: Willey.
Thompson, C.A.; Beauvais, L.L. y Lyness, K.S. [1999]: «When work-family benefits are not enough: the influence of work-family culture on benefit utilization, organizational attachment and work-family conflict», Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, págs. 392-415.
Trevor, C.O. [2001]: «Interactions among actual ease-of-movement determinants and job satisfaction», Academy of Management Journal, 44, 4, págs. 621-38.
Wayne, S.J.; Shore L.M. y Liden R.C. [1997]: «Perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange: a social exchange perspective», Academy of Management Journal, 40, 1, págs. 82-111.