Expectativas de empleo y crecimiento económico tras la nueva reforma laboral española: análisis del impacto de la confianza empresarial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51302/rtss.2023.3353Palabras clave:
costes laborales, confianza empresarial, PIB, desempleo, sectores, España, VECMResumen
La aprobación de una nueva reforma laboral en España ha vuelto a encender un debate en el que distintas voces académicas y profesionales discuten acerca del impacto de los costes laborales sobre variables como el índice de confianza empresarial, la producción o el empleo. El objetivo de este trabajo se concreta en evaluar cómo un incremento de los costes laborales afectará al PIB y al desempleo en diferentes periodos y en qué grado la confianza empresarial puede modificar este impacto. Para ello, se utilizan datos del periodo 2013-2021 y se estima un modelo vectorial de corrección de errores (VECM) para obtener la causalidad mutua entre las variables consideradas y medir los efectos futuros a corto y largo plazo. Los resultados muestran las elasticidades en distintos periodos y confirman un efecto sobre la confianza empresarial cada vez más negativo a lo largo del tiempo y resultados indeseados en términos de empleo y crecimiento del PIB –especialmente en el empleo 6 meses después del shock–. Tomando los datos desagregados por sectores de actividad, se evidencia la importancia de la confianza empresarial sobre todo a la hora de explicar la evolución del PIB y el desempleo en el sector de la construcción y en el sector del transporte y la hostelería. Los hallazgos pueden resultar muy útiles para formular políticas y estrategias que contribuyan a incrementar el grado de confianza empresarial e influyan en diferentes aspectos vinculados a decisiones de producción y empleo.
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