Psychological climate and organizational citizen shio behaviors: the role of the job satisfaction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51302/rtss.2010.5355Keywords:
psychological climate, organizational citizen behaviors, job satisfaction, quality of life at work survey, mediating effectsAbstract
Organizational viability in complex, fast-changing, and turbulent economic times requires employee supra-role behavior, which cannot be prescribed or required in advance for a given job and that exceeds the roles and responsibilities defined by formal job descriptions. These behaviors are known as organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) and include any of the gestures that lubricate the social machinery of the organization but which do not directly inhere in the usual notion of task performance. Existing research considers that employee OCB at work is influenced by both cognitions, i.e., employees’ thoughts about work, and affect, that is employees’ feelings about work. In our study, we aim to integrate both antecedents of employee OCB into a framework which analyzes the extent to which the influence of the psychological climate (cognition) on OCB is mediated by job satisfaction (affect). Thus, our study complements previous research by introducing affect as a new component in the study of OCB, as we consider that job satisfaction plays an important role for employees who are assuming further responsabilities than those of formal job.We used a sample of 2,133 employees obtained from the Quality of Life at Work Survey conducted by the Spanish Ministry of Employment. We found evidence that the psychological climate has a positive influence on OCB (for instance, doing further efforts than those the organization requires). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the effect of psychological climate on OCB is due to higher employee job satisfaction levels.
Downloads
References
Ajzen, I. [1991]: «The theory of planned behavior», Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50: 179-211.
Bagozzi, R.P. [1994]: Principles of marketing research. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers.
Baron, R. y Kenny, D. [1986]: «The moderator-mediating variable distinction in social-psychological research», Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51: 1.173-1.182.
Bateman, T.S. y Organ, D.W. [1983]: «Job satisfaction and the good soldier: the relationship between affect and employee citizenship», Academy of Management Journal, 26(4): 587-595.
Bentler, P.M. [1995]: EQS structural equations program manual, Encino, CA: Multivariate Software Inc. http://www.mvsoft.com
Biswas, S. y Varma, A. [2007]: «Psychological climate and individual performance in India: Test of a mediated model», Employee Relations, 29(6): 664-676.
Blau, P. [1964]: Exchange and power in social life, Nueva York: Wiley.
Brief, A.P. y Weiss, H.M. [2002]: «Affect in the workplace», Annual Review of Psychology, 53: 279-307.
Brown, S.P. y Leigh, T.W. [1996]: «A new look at psychological climate and its relationship to job involvement, effort, and performance», Journal of Applied Psychology, 81: 358-368.
Campbell, D.J. [2000]: «The Proactive Employee: Managing Workplace Initiative», Academy of Management Executive, 14(3): 52-66.
Carr, J.Z., Schmidt, A.M., Ford, J.K., y DeShon, R.P. [2003]: «Climate perceptions matter: A meta-analytic path analysis relating molar climate, cognitive and affective states, and individual level work outcomes», Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(4): 605-619.
DeCotiis, T.A. y Summers, T.P. [1987]: «A path analysis of a model of the antecedents and consequences of organizational commitment», Human Relations, 40: 445-470.
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S. y Sowa, D. [1986]: «Perceived organizational Support», Journal of Applied Psychology, 71: 500-507.
Fahr, J.L., Podsakoff, P.M. y Organ, D.W. [1990]: «Accounting for organizational citizenship behavior: Leader fairness and task scope versus satisfaction», Journal of Management, 16: 705-721.
Fassina, N.E., Jones, D.A. y Uggerslev, K.L. [2008]: «Relationships clean-up time: Using meta-analysis and path analysis to clarify relationships among job satisfaction, perceived fairness, and citizenship behaviors», Journal of Management, 34(2): 161-188.
Fishbein, M. y Ajzen, I. [1975]: Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing, Co.
George, J.M. y Brief, A.P. [1992]: «Feeling good-doing good: A conceptual analysis of the mood at work-organizational spontaneity relationship», Psychological Bulletin, 112: 310-329.
Gouldner, A.W. [1960]: «The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement», American Sociological Review, 25: 53-62.
Griffin, R.W. [1982]: Task design: An integrative approach. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
Hackman, J.R. y Oldham, G.R. [1976]: «Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory», Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16: 250-279.
Holmbeck, G.M. [1997]: «Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures», Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65: 699-710.
James, L.A. y James, L.R. [1989]: «Integrating work environment perceptions: explorations into the measurement of meaning», Journal of Applied Psychology, 74: 739-751.
James, L.R. y Jones, A.P. [1974]: «Organizational climate: A review of theory and research», Psychological Bulletin, 81: 1.096-1.112.
James, L.R., Choi, C.C., Ko, C.H.E., McNeil, P.K., Minton, M.K., Wright, M.A. y Kim, K. [2008]: «Organizational and psychological climate: A review of theory and research», European Journal of Work and organizational Psychology, 17(1): 5-32.
James, L.R. y Tetrick, L.E. [1986]: «Confirmatory analytic tests of three causal models relating job perceptions to job satisfaction», Journal of Applied Psychology, 71: 77-82.
Jordan, C. y P. Sevastos [2003]: «Improved Understanding of Job Performance: Predicting organizational Citizenship Behaviours from Perceived organizational Support and Fairness», Australian Journal of Psychology 55: 131-132.
Katz, D. y Kahn, R.L. [1966]: The social psychology of organizations, Nueva York: Wiley.
Kopelman, R.E., Brief, A.P. y Guzzo, R.A. [1990]: «The role of climate and culture in productivity». En B. Schneider (ed.), Organizational climate and culture (págs. 282-318). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Lazarus, R.S. y Folkman, S. [1984]: Stress, appraisal, and coping. Nueva York: Springer-Verlag.
Lee, J. y Miller, D. [1999]: «People Matter: Commitment to Employees, Strategy and Performance in Korean Firms», Strategic Management Journal, 20: 579-593.
Lee, K. y Allen, N.J. [2002]: «Organizational citizenship behavior and workplace deviance: The role of affect and cognitions», Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1): 131-142.
Lewin, K. [1936]: Principles of topological psychology, Nueva York: McGraw-Hill.
Lewin, K., Lippitt, R. y White, R.K. [1939]: «Patterns of aggressive behavior in experimentally created social climates», Journal of Social Psychology, 10: 271-299.
Locke, E.A. [1976]: «The nature and causes of job satisfaction». En M.D. Dunnette (ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (págs. 1297-1350), Skokie, IL: Rand McNally.
Manrique de Lara, P.Z. y Espino Rodríguez, T.F. [2007]: «Organizational anomie as moderator of the relationship between an unfavorable attitudinal environment and citizenship behavior (OCB). An empirical study among university administration and services personnel», Personnel Review, 36(6): 843-866.
McIntosh, N.J. [1995]: «Exhilarating work: an antidote for dangerous work?». En S.L. Sauter y L.R. Murphy (eds.), Organizational risk factors for job stress (págs. 303-316). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Meyer, J.P., Stanley, D.J., Herscovitch, L. y Topolnytsky, L. [2001]: «Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences», Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61: 20-52.
Moorman, R.H. [1991]: «The relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior: do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship», Journal of Applied Psychology, 76: 845-855.
Motowidlo, S.J. y Van Scotter, J.R. [1994]: «Evidence that task performance should be distinguished from contextual performance», Journal of Applied Psychology, 79: 475-480.
Muse, L.A. y Stamper, C.L. [2007]: «Perceived organizational support: Evidence for a mediated association with work performance», Journal of Managerial Issues, XIX(4): 517-535.
Organ, D.W. [1988]: Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome, Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Organ, D.W. [1997]: «Organizational citizenship behavior: It’s construct clean-up time», Human Performance, 10(2): 85-97.
Organ, D.W. y Ryan, K. [1995]: «A meta-analytic review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior», Personnel Psychology, 48: 775-802.
Organ, D.W., Podsakoff, P. M. y MacKenzie, S. B. [2006]: Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Its Nature, Antecedents, and Consequences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Ostroff, C. [1993]: «The effects of climate and personal influences on individual behavior and attitudes in organizations», Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 56: 56-90.
Parker, C.P., Baltes, B.B., Young, S.A., Huff, J.W., Altmann, R.A., Lacost, H.A. y Roberts, J.E. [2003]: «Relationships between Psychological Climate Perceptions and Work Outcomes: A Meta-Analytic Review», Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24: 389-416.
Parker, S. [2000]: «From Passive to Proactive Motivation: The Importance of Flexible Role Orientations and Role Breath Self-efficacy», Applied Psychology: An International Review, 49(3): 447-469.
Peelle, H.E. [2007]: «Reciprocating Perceived organizational Support through Citizenship Behaviors», Journal of Managerial Issues, XIX N.º 4, invierno.
Pritchard, R.D. y Karasick, B.W. [1973]: «The effects of organizational climate on managerial job performance and job satisfaction», Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes, 9: 126-146.
Rhoades, L. y Eisenberger, R. [2002]: «Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature», Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4): 698-714.
Riketta, M. [2008]: «The causal relation between job attitudes and performance: A meta-analysis of pane studies», Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(2): 472-481.
Rousseau, D.M. [1977]: «Technological differences in job characteristics, employee satisfaction, and motivation: A synthesis of job design research and sociotechnical systems theory», Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 19: 18-42.
Schneider, B.J. y Snyder, R.A. [1975]: «Some relationships between job satisfaction and organizational climate», Journal of Applied Psychology, 60: 318-328.
Schneider, B. [2000]: «The psychological life of organizations», en Ashkanasy, N.M. y Peterson, M.F. (eds.), Handbook of organizational culture and climate (pp. XVII-XXI), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Steel, R.P., Shane, G.S. y Kennedy, K.A. [1990]: «Effects of social-system factors on absenteeism, turnover, and job performance», Journal of Business and Psychology, 4: 423-430.
Whitener, E.M. [2001]: «Do "High Commitment" Human Resource Practices Affect Employee Commitment? A Cross-level Analysis Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling», Journal of Management, 27: 515-535.
Zajonc, R.B. [1980]: «Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences», The American Psychologist, 5: 151-175.
