Influencia de la pobreza poblacional y el tamaño organizativo en la relación laboral: un análisis empírico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51302/rtss.2022.3329Palabras clave:
norma de reciprocidad, relación laboral, pobreza social, tamaño organizativo, empresa y sociedad, inversión en recursos humanos, productividad laboralResumen
Este trabajo ha obtenido el Premio Estudios Financieros 2022 en la modalidad de Recursos Humanos.
Hay un consenso generalizado en subrayar la importancia de entender la naturaleza de la relación laboral, que se define como un proceso dinámico de intercambio social entre empleadores y empleados. Adicionalmente, se defiende que dicha reciprocidad puede verse modificada por diversos factores contextuales. Paradójicamente, se echan en falta estudios empíricos que la hayan delimitado convenientemente y examinado su dependencia de otros elementos. El propósito de esta investigación es subsanar estas carencias. Desde la teoría del intercambio social y usando una amplia muestra de 35.911 empresas españolas durante el periodo 2015-2019, se diseña un modelo longitudinal de ecuaciones estructurales en el que se configura una relación bidireccional entre los incentivos y las compensaciones que reciben respectivamente empleadores y empleados. Asimismo, se examina esta relación laboral en función de la pobreza poblacional y el tamaño organizativo. Se confirma la presencia de una reciprocidad relativa en las empresas españolas, más intensa en medianas y grandes empresas ubicadas en municipios con una reducida pobreza, aunque solo equitativa en pequeñas empresas ubicadas en municipios con una elevada pobreza. Por regla general, la norma de reciprocidad rige en mayor medida en los empleados. Se presentan las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas de este estudio.
Agencias de apoyo
- Esta investigación fue posible gracias a la colaboración e inestimable ayuda de los técnicos del INE y de la empresa Informa D&B (Marta de la Fuente y Javier Heras), y fue financiada por el Programa Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (PGC2018-099040-B-l00 [MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE])
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